Clinical Studies
Clinical Studies on the effects of ionized water
Ionized water is known by various names:
Reduced water
Electrolyzed water
Alkaline /Acid water
Microwater
The following information is sourced from various
peer reviewed literature as well as various Internet sites. This
information is for educational purposes only and is not meant to cure or
treat any disease or illness. Consult your doctor for specialized
medical advice.
Adequate fluid replacement helps maintain hydration
and, promotes the health, safety, and optimal physical performance of
individuals participating in regular physical activity.
Med Sci Sports Exercise
1996 Jan;28(1):i-vii.
American College of Sports Medicine position stand. Exercise and fluid replacement.
Convertino VA, Armstrong LE, Coyle EF, Mack GW, Sawka MN, Senay LC Jr, Sherman WM.
1) It is the position of the American College of Sports Medicine that
adequate fluid replacement helps maintain hydration and, therefore,
promotes the health, safety, and optimal physical performance of
individuals participating in regular physical activity. This position
statement is based on a comprehensive review and interpretation of
scientific literature concerning the influence of fluid replacement on
exercise performance and the risk of thermal injury associated with
dehydration and hyperthermia. Based on available evidence, the American
College of Sports Medicine makes the following general recommendations
on the amount and composition of fluid that should be ingested in
preparation for, during, and after exercise or athletic competition: 1)
It is recommended that individuals consume a nutritionally balanced diet
and drink adequate fluids during the 24-hr period before an event,
especially during the period that includes the meal prior to exercise,
to promote proper hydration before exercise or competition.
2) It is recommended that individuals drink about 500 ml (about 17
ounces) of fluid about 2 h before exercise to promote adequate hydration
and allow time for excretion of excess ingested water.
3) During exercise, athletes should start drinking early and at regular
intervals in an attempt to consume fluids at a rate sufficient to
replace all the water lost through sweating (i.e., body weight loss), or
consume the maximal amount that can be tolerated.
4) It is recommended that ingested fluids be cooler than ambient
temperature [between 15 degrees and 22 degrees C (59 degrees and 72
degrees F])] and flavored to enhance palatability and promote fluid
replacement. Fluids should be readily available and served in containers
that allow adequate volumes to be ingested with ease and with minimal
interruption of exercise.
5) Addition of proper amounts of carbohydrates and/or electrolytes to a
fluid replacement solution is recommended for exercise events of
duration greater than 1 h since it does not significantly impair water
delivery to the body and may enhance performance. During exercise
lasting less than 1 h, there is little evidence of physiological or
physical performance differences between consuming a
carbohydrate-electrolyte drink and plain water.
6) During intense exercise lasting longer than 1 h, it is recommended
that carbohydrates be ingested at a rate of 30-60 g.h(-1) to maintain
oxidation of carbohydrates and delay fatigue. This rate of carbohydrate
intake can be achieved without compromising fluid delivery by drinking
600-1200 ml.h(-1) of solutions containing 4%-8% carbohydrates (g.100
ml(-1)). The carbohydrates can be sugars (glucose or sucrose) or starch
(e.g., maltodextrin).
7) Inclusion of sodium (0.5-0.7 g.1(-1) of water) in the rehydration
solution ingested during exercise lasting longer than 1 h is recommended
since it may be advantageous in enhancing palatability, promoting fluid
retention, and possibly preventing hyponatremia in certain individuals
who drink excessive quantities of fluid. There is little physiological
basis for the presence of sodium in n oral rehydration solution for
enhancing intestinal water absorption as long as sodium is sufficiently
available from the previous meal.
The following information is sourced from various
peer reviewed literature as well as various Internet sites. This
information is for educational purposes only and is not meant to cure or
treat any disease or illness. Consult your doctor for specialized
medical advice.
Electrolyzed-reduced water scavenges active oxygen species and protects DNA from oxidative damage.
Biochem Biophys Res Commun.
1997 May 8;234(1):269-74.
Shirahata S, Kabayama S, Nakano M, Miura T, Kusumoto K, Gotoh M, Hayashi H, Otsubo K, Morisawa S, Katakura Y.
Institute of Cellular Regulation Technology, Graduate School of Genetic
Resources Technology, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan.
sirahata@grt.kyushu-u.ac.jp
Active oxygen species or free radicals are considered to cause
extensive oxidative damage to biological macromolecules, which brings
about a variety of diseases as well as aging. The ideal scavenger for
active oxygen should be 'active hydrogen'. 'Active hydrogen' can be
produced in reduced water near the cathode during electrolysis of water.
Reduced water exhibits high pH, low dissolved oxygen (DO), extremely
high dissolved molecular hydrogen (DH), and extremely negative redox
potential (RP) values. Strongly electrolyzed-reduced water, as well as
ascorbic acid, (+)-catechin and tannic acid, completely scavenged O.-2
produced by the hypoxanthine-xanthine oxidase (HX-XOD) system in sodium
phosphate buffer (pH 7.0). The superoxide dismutase (SOD)-like activity
of reduced water is stable at 4 degrees C for over a month and was not
lost even after neutralization, repeated freezing and melting, deflation
with sonication, vigorous mixing, boiling, repeated filtration, or
closed autoclaving, but was lost by opened autoclaving or by closed
autoclaving in the presence of tungsten trioxide which efficiently
adsorbs active atomic hydrogen. Water bubbled with hydrogen gas
exhibited low DO, extremely high DH and extremely low RP values, as does
reduced water, but it has no SOD-like activity. These results suggest
that the SOD-like activity of reduced water is not due to the dissolved
molecular hydrogen but due to the dissolved atomic hydrogen (active
hydrogen). Although SOD accumulated H2O2 when added to the HX-XOD
system, reduced water decreased the amount of H2O2 produced by XOD.
Reduced water, as well as catalase and ascorbic acid, could directly
scavenge H2O2.
Reduced water suppresses single-strand breakage of DNA b active
oxygen species produced by the Cu(II)-catalyzed oxidation of ascorbic
acid in a dose-dependent manner, suggesting that reduced water can
scavenge not only O2.- and H2O2, but also 1O2 and .OH.
PMID: 9169001 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
The following information is sourced from various
peer reviewed literature as well as various Internet sites. This
information is for educational purposes only and is not meant to cure or
treat any disease or illness. Consult your doctor for specialized
medical advice.
The mechanism of the enhanced antioxidant effects against superoxide anion radicals of reduced water produced by electrolysis.
Biophys Chem. 2004
Jan 1;107(1):71-82.
Hanaoka K, Sun D, Lawrence R, Kamitani Y, Fernandes G.
Bio-REDOX Laboratory Inc. 1187-4, Oaza-Ueda, Ueda-shi, Nagano-ken 386-0001, Japan. hanak@rapid.ocn.ne.jp
We reported that reduced water produced by electrolysis enhanced the
antioxidant effects of proton donors such as ascorbic acid (AsA) in a
previous paper. We also demonstrated that reduced water produced by
electrolysis of 2 mM NaCl solutions did not show antioxidant effects by
itself. We reasoned that the enhancement of antioxidant effects may be
due to the increase of the ionic product of water as solvent. The ionic
product of water (pKw) was estimated by measurements of pH and by a
neutralization titration method. As an indicator of oxidative damage,
Reactive Oxygen Species- (ROS) mediated DNA strand breaks were measured
by the conversion of supercoiled phiX-174 RF I double-strand DNA to open
and linear forms. Reduced water had a tendency to suppress
single-strand breakage of DNA induced by reactive oxygen species
produced by H2O2/Cu (II) and HQ/Cu (II) systems. The enhancement of
superoxide anion radical dismutation activity can be explained by
changes in the ionic product of water in the reduced water.
PMID: 14871602 [PubMed - in process]
The following information is sourced from various
peer reviewed literature as well as various Internet sites. This
information is for educational purposes only and is not meant to cure or
treat any disease or illness. Consult your doctor for specialized
medical advice.
Comparison of electrolyzed oxidizing water with various antimicrobial interventions to reduce Salmonella species on poultry.
Poult Sci.
2002 Oct;81(10):1598-605.
Fabrizio KA, Sharma RR, Demirci A, Cutter CN.
Department of Food Science, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park 16802, USA.
Foodborne pathogens in cell suspensions or attached to surfaces can be
reduced by electrolyzed oxidizing (EO) water; however, the use of EO
water against pathogens associated with poultry has not been explored.
In this study, acidic EO water [EO-A; pH 2.6, chlorine (CL) 20 to 50
ppm, and oxidation-reduction potential (ORP) of 1,150 mV], basic EO
water (EO-B; pH 11.6, ORP of -795 mV), CL, ozonated water (OZ), acetic
acid (AA), or trisodium phosphate (TSP) was applied to broiler carcasses
inoculated with Salmonella Typhimurium (ST) and submerged (4 C, 45
min), spray-washed (85 psi, 25 C, 15 s), or subjected to multiple
interventions (EO-B spray, immersed in EO-A; AA or TSP spray, immersed
in CL). Remaining bacterial populations were determined and compared at
Day 0 and 7 of aerobic, refrigerated storage. At Day 0, submersion in
TSP and AA reduced ST 1.41 log10, whereas EO-A water reduced ST
approximately 0.86 log10. After 7 d of storage, EO-A water, OZ, TSP, and
AA reduced ST, with detection only after selective enrichment.
Spray-washing treatments with any of the compounds did not reduce ST at
Day 0. After 7 d of storage, TSP, AA, and EO-A water reduced ST 2.17,
2.31, and 1.06 log10, respectively. ST was reduced 2.11 log10
immediately following the multiple interventions, 3.81 log10 after 7 d
of storage. Although effective against ST, TSP and AA are costly and
adversely affect the environment. This study demonstrates that EO water
can reduce ST on poultry surfaces following extended refrigerated
storage.
PMID: 12412930 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
The following information is sourced from various
peer reviewed literature as well as various Internet sites. This
information is for educational purposes only and is not meant to cure or
treat any disease or illness. Consult your doctor for specialized
medical advice.
Treatment of Escherichia coli (O157:H7) inoculated alfalfa seeds and sprouts with electrolyzed oxidizing water.
Int J Food Microbiol.
2003 Sep 15;86(3):231-7.
Department of Agricultural and Biological Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA.
Electrolyzed oxidizing water is a relatively new concept that has been
utilized in agriculture, livestock management, medical sterilization,
and food sanitation. Electrolyzed oxidizing (EO) water generated by
passing sodium chloride solution through an EO water generator was used
to treat alfalfa seeds and sprouts inoculated with a five-strain
cocktail of nalidixic acid resistant Escherichia coli O157:H7. EO water
had a pH of 2.6, an oxidation-reduction potential of 1150 mV and about
50 ppm free chlorine. The percentage reduction in bacterial load was
determined for reaction times of 2, 4, 8, 16, 32, and 64 min. Mechanical
agitation was done while treating the seeds at different time intervals
to increase the effectiveness of the treatment. Since E. coli O157:H7
was released due to soaking during treatment, the initial counts on
seeds and sprouts were determined by soaking the contaminated
seeds/sprouts in 0.1% peptone water for a period equivalent to treatment
time. The samples were then pummeled in 0.1% peptone water and spread
plated on tryptic soy agar with 5 microg/ml of nalidixic acid (TSAN).
Results showed that there were reductions between 38.2% and 97.1%
(0.22-1.56 log(10) CFU/g) in the bacterial load of treated seeds. The
reductions for sprouts were between 91.1% and 99.8% (1.05-2.72 log(10)
CFU/g). An increase in treatment time increased the percentage reduction
of E. coli O157:H7. However, germination of the treated seeds reduced
from 92% to 49% as amperage to make EO water and soaking time increased.
EO water did not cause any visible damage to the sprouts.
PMID: 12915034 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
The following information is sourced from various
peer reviewed literature as well as various Internet sites. This
information is for educational purposes only and is not meant to cure or
treat any disease or illness. Consult your doctor for specialized
medical advice.
Inactivation of Escherichia coli (O157:H7) and
Listeria monocytogenes on plastic kitchen cutting boards by electrolyzed
oxidizing water.
Venkitanarayanan KS, Ezeike GO, Hung YC, Doyle MP.
Department of Animal Science, University of Connecticut, Storrs 06269, USA.
One milliliter of culture containing a five-strain mixture of
Escherichia coli O157:H7 (approximately 10(10) CFU) was inoculated on a
100-cm2 area marked on unscarred cutting boards. Following inoculation,
the boards were air-dried under a laminar flow hood for 1 h, immersed in
2 liters of electrolyzed oxidizing water or sterile deionized water at
23 degrees C or 35 degrees C for 10 or 20 min; 45 degrees C for 5 or 10
min; or 55 degrees C for 5 min. After each temperature-time combination,
the surviving population of the pathogen on cutting boards and in
soaking water was determined. Soaking of inoculated cutting boards in
electrolyzed oxidizing water reduced E. coli O157:H7 populations by >
or = 5.0 log CFU/100 cm2 on cutting boards. However, immersion of
cutting boards in deionized water decreased the pathogen count only by
1.0 to 1.5 log CFU/100 cm2. Treatment of cutting boards inoculated with
Listeria monocytogenes in electrolyzed oxidizing water at selected
temperature-time combinations (23 degrees C for 20 min, 35 degrees C for
10 min, and 45 degrees C for 10 min) substantially reduced the
populations of L. monocytogenes in comparison to the counts recovered
from the boards immersed in deionized water. E. coli O157:H7 and L.
monocytogenes were not detected in electrolyzed oxidizing water after
soaking treatment, whereas the pathogens survived in the deionized water
used for soaking the cutting boards. This study revealed that immersion
of kitchen cutting boards in electrolyzed oxidizing water could be used
as an effective method for inactivating foodborne pathogens on smooth,
plastic cutting boards.
PMID: 10456736 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
The following information is sourced from various
peer reviewed literature as well as various Internet sites. This
information is for educational purposes only and is not meant to cure or
treat any disease or illness. Consult your doctor for specialized
medical advice.
The bactericidal effects of electrolyzed oxidizing water on bacterial strains involved in hospital infections.
Vorobjeva NV, Vorobjeva LI, Khodjaev EY.
Artif Organs.
2004 Jun;28(6):590-2.
Department of Physiology of Microorganisms, Biology Faculty, Moscow
State University, Lenin Hills 1/12, Moscow 119992, Russia.
nvvorobjeva@mail.ru
The study is designed to investigate bactericidal actions of
electrolyzed oxidizing water on hospital infections. Ten of the most
common opportunistic pathogens are used for this study. Cultures are
inoculated in 4.5 mL of electrolyzed oxidizing (EO) water or 4.5 mL of
sterile deionized water (control), and incubated for 0, 0.5, and 5 min
at room temperature. At the exposure time of 30 s the EO water
completely inactivates all of the bacterial strains, with the exception
of vegetative cells and spores of bacilli which need 5 min to be killed.
The results indicate that electrolyzed oxidizing water may be a useful
disinfectant for hospital infections, but its clinical application has
still to be evaluated.
PMID: 15153153 [PubMed - in process]
The following information is sourced from various
peer reviewed literature as well as various Internet sites. This
information is for educational purposes only and is not meant to cure or
treat any disease or illness. Consult your doctor for specialized
medical advice.
Effect of electrolyzed oxidizing water and hydrocolloid occlusive dressings on excised burn-wounds in rats.
Chin J Traumatol.
2003 Aug 1;6(4):234-7.
Xin H, Zheng YJ, Hajime N, Han ZG.
Department of Thoracic Surgery, China-Japan Union Hospital, Jilin University, Jilin 130031, China. xinhua7254@yahoo.com.cn
OBJECTIVE: To study the efficacy of electrolyzed oxidizing water (EOW)
and hydrocolloid occlusive dressings in the acceleration of
epithelialization in excised burn-wounds in rats. METHODS: Each of the
anesthetized Sprague-Dawley rats (n=28) was subjected to a third-degree
burn that covered approximately 10% of the total body surface area. Rats
were assigned into four groups: Group I (no irrigation), Group II
(irrigation with physiologic saline), Group III (irrigation with EOW)
and Group IV (hydrocolloid occlusive dressing after EOW irrigation).
Wounds were observed macroscopically until complete epithelialization
was present, then the epithelialized wounds were examined
microscopically. RESULTS: Healing of the burn wounds was the fastest in
Group IV treated with hydrocolloid occlusive dressing together with EOW.
Although extensive regenerative epidermis was seen in each Group, the
proliferations of lymphocytes and macrophages associated with dense
collagen deposition were more extensive in Group II, III and IV than in
Group I. These findings were particularly evident in Group III and IV.
CONCLUSIONS: Wound Healing may be accelerated by applying a hydrocolloid
occlusive dressing on burn surfaces after they are cleaned with EOW.
PMID: 12857518 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
The following information is sourced from various
peer reviewed literature as well as various Internet sites. This
information is for educational purposes only and is not meant to cure or
treat any disease or illness. Consult your doctor for specialized
medical advice.
Effect of electrolyzed water on wound healing.
Artif Organs.
2000 Dec;24(12):984-7.
Yahagi N, Kono M, Kitahara M, Ohmura A, Sumita O, Hashimoto T, Hori K,
Ning-Juan C, Woodson P, Kubota S, Murakami A, Takamoto S.
Department of Anesthesiology, Teikyo University Mizonokuchi Hospital, Tokyo, Japan. naokiyah@aol.com
Electrolyzed water accelerated the healing of full-thickness cutaneous
wounds in rats, but only anode chamber water (acid pH or neutralized)
was effective. Hypochlorous acid (HOCl), also produced by electrolysis,
was ineffective, suggesting that these types of electrolyzed water
enhance wound healing by a mechanism unrelated to the well-known
antibacterial action of HOCl. One possibility is that reactive oxygen
species, shown to be electron spin resonance spectra present in anode
chamber water, might trigger early wound healing through fibroblast
migration and proliferation.
PMID: 11121980 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
The following information is sourced from various
peer reviewed literature as well as various Internet sites. This
information is for educational purposes only and is not meant to cure or
treat any disease or illness. Consult your doctor for specialized
medical advice.
Decomposition of ethylene, a flower-senescence hormone, with electrolyzed anode water.
Biosci Biotechnol Biochem.
2003 Apr;67(4):790-6.
Harada K, Yasui K.
Department of Research and Development, Hokkaido Electric Power Co.,
Inc., 2-1 Tsuishikari, Ebetsu, Hokkaido 067-0033, Japan.
kharada@h1.hotcn.ne.jp
Electrolyzed anode water (EAW) markedly extended the vase life of cut
carnation flowers. Therefore, a flower-senescence hormone involving
ethylene decomposition by EAW with potassium chloride as an electrolyte
was investigated. Ethylene was added externally to EAW, and the reaction
between ethylen and the available chlorine in EAW was examined. EAW had
a low pH value (2.5), a high concentration of dissolved oxygen, and
extremely high redox potential (19.2 mg/l and 1323 mV, respectively)
when available chlorine was at a concentration of about 620 microns. The
addition of ethylene to EAW led to ethylene decomposition, and an
equimolar amount of ethylene chlorohydrine with available chlorine was
produced. The ethylene chlorohydrine production was greatly affected by
the pH value (pH 2.5, 5.0 and 10.0 were tested), and was faster in an
acidic solution. Ethylene chlorohydrine was not produced after ethylene
had been added to EAW at pH 2.6 when available chlorine was absent, but
was produced after potassium hypochlorite had been added to such EAW.
The effect of the pH value of EAW on the vase life of cut carnations was
compatible with the decomposition rate of ethylene in EAW of the same
pH value. These results suggest that the effect of EAW on the vase life
of cut carnations was due to the decomposition of ethylene to ethylene
chlorohydrine by chlorine from chlorine compounds.
PMID: 12784619 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
The following information is sourced from various
peer reviewed literature as well as various Internet sites. This
information is for educational purposes only and is not meant to cure or
treat any disease or illness. Consult your doctor for specialized
medical advice.
Use of Ionized water in hypochlorhydria or achlorhydria
Prof. Kuninaka Hironage, Head of Kuninaka Hospital
"Too many fats in the diets, which lead to the deposition of
cholesterol on the blood vessels, which in turn constrict the blood
flow, cause most illnesses such as high blood pressure. In accordance
with the theory of Professor Gato of Kyushu University on Vitamin K (because vitamin K enables the blood calcium to increase),
or the consumption of more antioxidant water, the effectiveness of the
increase in the calcium in high blood pressure is most significant. The
consumption of alkaline antioxidant water for a period of 2 to 3 months,
I have observed the blood pressure slowly drop, due to the water's
solvent ability, which dissolves the cholesterol in the blood vessels."
The following information is sourced from various
peer reviewed literature as well as various Internet sites. This
information is for educational purposes only and is not meant to cure or
treat any disease or illness. Consult your doctor for specialized
medical advice.
Use of Ionized water for gynecological conditions
Prof. Watanabe Ifao, Watanabe Hospital
"Ionized alklaine antioxidant water improves body constituents and
ensures effective healing to many illnesses. The uses of antioxidant
water in gynecological patients have proved to be very effective. The
main reason for its effectiveness is that this water can neutralize
toxins.
When given antioxidant water to pre-eclamptic toxemia cases, the
results are most significant. During my long years of servicing the
pre-eclamptic toxemia cases, I found that the women with pre-eclamptic
toxemia who consumed antioxidant water tend to deliver healthier babies with stronger muscles. A survey report carried out on babies in this group showed intelligence above average."
The following information is sourced from various
peer reviewed literature as well as various Internet sites. This
information is for educational purposes only and is not meant to cure or
treat any disease or illness. Consult your doctor for specialized
medical advice.
Toxin Neutralisation
Prof. Kuwata Keijiroo, Doctor of Medicine
"In my opinion, the wonder of antioxidant water is the ability
neutralizes toxins, but it is not a medicine. The difference is that the
medicine can only apply to each and individual case, whereas the
antioxidant water can be consumed generally and its neutralizing power
is something which is very much unexpected. Now, in brief, let me
introduce to you a heart disease case and how it was cured.
The patient was a 35 years old male suffering from vascular heart
disease. For 5 years, his sickness deteriorated. He was in the Setagays
Government Hospital for treatment.
During those 5 years, he had been in and out of the hospital 5 to 6
times. He had undergone high tech examinations such as angiogram by
injecting VINYL via the vein into the heart. He consulted and sought
treatment from many good doctors where later he underwent a major
surgical operation. Upon his discharge from the hospital, he quit his
job to convalesce. However, each time when his illness relapsed, the
attack seemed to be even more severe.
Last year, in August, his relatives were in despair and expected he
would not live much longer. It so happened at that time that the
victim's relative came across antioxidant water processor. His illness
responded well and he is now on the road to recovery."
(In the United States, cardiovascular diseases account for more than
one-half of the approximate 2 million deaths occurring each year�?�. It
is estimated that optimal conditioning of drinking water could reduce
this cardiovascular disease mortality rate by as much as 15 percent in
the United States)
From: Report of the Safe Drinking Water Committee of the National Academy of Sciences, 1977
The following information is sourced from various
peer reviewed literature as well as various Internet sites. This
information is for educational purposes only and is not meant to cure or
treat any disease or illness. Consult your doctor for specialized
medical advice.
Eczema
Prof. Tamura Tatsuji, Keifuku Rehabilitation Center
"Eczema is used to describe several varieties of skin conditions, which
have a number of common features. The exact cause or causes of eczema
are not fully understood. I many cases, eczema can be attributed by
external irritants.
Let me introduce a patient who recovered from skin disease after
consuming the antioxidant water. This patient suffered 10 years of
eczema and could not be cured effectively even under specialist
treatment. This patient, who is 70 years of age, is the president of a
vehicle spare parts company. After the war, his lower limbs suffered
acute eczema, which later became chronic. He was repeatedly treated in a
specialist skin hospital.
The left limb responded well to treatment, but not so on the right
limb. He suffered severe itchiness, which, when scratched led to
bleeding. During the last 10 years, he was seen and treated by many
doctors. When I first examined him, his lower limb around the joints was
covered with vesicles. Weeping occurred owing to serum exuding from the
vesicles.
I advised him to try consuming antioxidant water. He bought a unit and
consumed the antioxidant water religiously and used the acidic water to
bathe the affected areas. After 2 weeks of treatment the vesicles dried
up. The eczema was completely cleared without any relapse after 1˝
month."
The following information is sourced from various
peer reviewed literature as well as various Internet sites. This
information is for educational purposes only and is not meant to cure or
treat any disease or illness. Consult your doctor for specialized
medical advice.
Allergies
Prof. Kuninaka Hironaga, Head of Kuninaka Hospital
"Mr. Yamada, the head of Police Research Institute, suffered from
severe allergy. He was treated repeatedly by skin specialist, but with
no success. Then he started consuming antioxidant water. The allergy
responded very well and was soon completely cured. No relapse had
occurred, although he had taken all kinds of food. He was most grateful
and excited about this treatment.
As for myself, I had also suffered severe allergy. Ever since I began
to consume antioxidant water, the allergy has recovered. Since then, I
started a research on the effectiveness of antioxidant water.
I discovered that most allergies are due to acidification of body
condition and is also related to consuming too much meat and sugar. In
every allergy case, the patient's antioxidant minerals are excessively
low which in turn lower the body resistance significantly. The body
becomes overly sensitive and develops allergy easily. To stabilize the
sensitivity, calcium solution in injected into the vein. Therefore, it
is clear that the antioxidant water has ionic calcium, which can help
alleviate allergy.
The ionic calcium not only enhances the heart, urination, and
neutralization of toxins but controls acidity. It also enhances the
digestive system and liver function. This will promote natural healing
power and hence increase its resistance to allergy. In some special
cases of illness, which do not respond to drugs, it is found, it is
found to respond well to antioxidant water."
The following information is sourced from various
peer reviewed literature as well as various Internet sites. This
information is for educational purposes only and is not meant to cure or
treat any disease or illness. Consult your doctor for specialized
medical advice.
Digestive Problems
Prof. Kogure Keizou, Kogure Clinic of Juntendo Hospital
"The stomach is readily upset both by diseases affecting the stomach
and by other general illnesses. In addition, any nervous tension or
anxiety frequently causes gastric upset, vague symptoms when This
information is under some strain.
The important role of antioxidant water in our stomach is to neutralize
the secretion and strengthen it s functions. Usually, after consuming
the antioxidant water for 1 to 3 minutes, the gastric juice increase to
1˝ times. For those suffering from hypochlorhydria or achlorhydria ( low
in gastric juice ) the presence of antioxidant water will stimulate the
stomach cells to secrete more gastric juice. This in turn enhances
digestion and absorption of minerals.
However, on the other hand, those with hyperchlorhydria ( high in
gastric juice ), the antioxidant water neutralizes the excessive gastric
juice. Hence, it does not create any adverse reaction.
According to the medical lecturer from Maeba University, the pH of the
gastric secretion will still remain normal when antioxidant water is
consumed. This proves that the ability of the antioxidant water is able
to neutralize as well as to stimulate the secretion."
The following information is sourced from various
peer reviewed literature as well as various Internet sites. This
information is for educational purposes only and is not meant to cure or
treat any disease or illness. Consult your doctor for specialized
medical advice.
Diabetes
Prof. Kuwata Keijiroo, Doctor of Medicine
"When I was serving in the Fire Insurance Association, I used to
examine many diabetic patients. Besides treating them with drugs, I
provided them with antioxidant water. After drinking antioxidant water
for one month, 15 diabetic patients were selected and sent to Tokyo
University for further test and observations.
Initially, the more serious patients were a bit apprehensive about the
treatment. When the antioxidant water was consumed for some time, the
sugar in the blood and urine ranged from a ratio of 300 mg/l to 2 mg /
dc. There was a time where the patient had undergone 5 to 6 blood tests a
day and detected to be within normal range. Results also showed that
even 1 ˝ hour after meals, the blood sugar and urine ratio was 100
mg/dc: 0 mg/dc . The sugar in the urine has completely disappeared."
NOTE:
More Americans than ever before are suffering from diabetes, with the
number of new cases averaging almost 800,000 each year. The disease has
steadily increased in the United States since 1980, and in 1998, 16
million Americans were diagnosed with diabetes (10.3 million diagnosed;
5.4 million undiagnosed). Diabetes is the seventh leading cause of death
in the United States, and more than 193,000 died from the disease and
its related complication in 1996. �?��?�.
�?��?��?��?� The greatest increase - 76 percent - occurred in people age 30 to 30. �?�.
From: U. S. Department of Health and Human Services, October 13, 2000 Fact Sheet.
The following information is sourced from various
peer reviewed literature as well as various Internet sites. This
information is for educational purposes only and is not meant to cure or
treat any disease or illness. Consult your doctor for specialized
medical advice.
Use of Ionized water in treating Acidosis
Prof. Hatori Tasutaroo, Head of Akajiuiji Blood Centre, Yokohama Hospital, Faitama District
"Due to a higher standard of living, our eating habits have changed. We
consume too much proteins, fats and sugar. The excess fats and
carbohydrates are in the body as fats. In the present lifestyles,
Americans are more extravagant on food compared to the Japanese. Due to
this excessive intake obesity is a significant problem. Normally, one
out of five males and one out of four females is obese.
The degree of "burn-out" in food intake largely depends on the amount
on intake of vitamins and minerals. When excessive intake of proteins,
carbohydrates and fats occurs, the requirement for vitamins and minerals
increases. However, there is not much research carried out pertaining
to the importance of vitamins and minerals.
Nowadays, many people suffer from acidification that leads to diabetes,
heart diseases, cancer, live and kidney diseases. If our food intake
can be completely burned off, then there is no deposition of fats.
Obviously, there will be no acidification problem and hence there should
not be any sign of obesity.
The antioxidant water contains an abundance of ionic calcium. This
ionic calcium helps in the "burn-off" process. By drinking antioxidant
water, it provides sufficient minerals for our body. As a result, we do
not need to watch our diet to stay slim.
Hence, antioxidant water is a savior for those suffering from obesity
and many adult diseases, providing good assistance in enhancing good
health."
The following information is sourced from various
peer reviewed literature as well as various Internet sites. This
information is for educational purposes only and is not meant to cure or
treat any disease or illness. Consult your doctor for specialized
medical advice.
Reduced Water for Prevention of Diseases
Dr.Sanetaka Shirahata
Graduate school of Genetic Resources Technology, Kyushu University,
6-10-1 Hakozaki, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8581, Japan.
It has long been established that reactive oxygen species (ROS) cause
many types of damage to biomolecules and cellular structures, that, in
turn result in the development of a variety of pathologic states such as
diabetes, cancer and aging. Reduced water is defined as anti-oxidative
water produced by reduction of water. Electrolyzed reduced water (ERW)
has been demonstrated to be hydrogen-rich water and can scavenge ROS in
vitro (Shirahata et al., 1997). The reduction of proton in water to
active hydrogen (atomic hydrogen, hydrogen radical) that can scavenge
ROS is very easily caused by a weak current, compared to oxidation of
hydroxyl ion to oxygen molecule.
Activation of water by magnetic field, collision, minerals etc. will
also produce reduced water containing active hydrogen and/or hydrogen
molecule. Several natural waters such as Hita Tenryosui water drawn from
deep underground in Hita city in Japan, Nordenau water in Germany and
Tlacote water in Mexico are known to alleviate various diseases. We have
developed a sensitive method by which we can detect active hydrogen
existing in reduced water, and have demonstrated that not only ERW but
also natural reduced waters described above contain active hydrogen and
scavenge ROS in cultured cells. ROS is known to cause reduction of
glucose uptake by inhibiting the insulin-signaling pathway in cultured
cells.
Reduced water scavenged intracellular ROS and stimulated glucose uptake
in the presence or absence of insulin in both rat L6 skeletal muscle
cells and mouse 3T3/L1 adipocytes. This insulin-like activity of reduced
water was inhibited by wortmannin that is specific inhibitor of PI-3
kinase, a key molecule in insulin signaling pathways. Reduced water
protected insulin-responsive cells from sugar toxicity and improved the
damaged sugar tolerance of type 2 diabetes model mice, suggesting that
reduced water may improve insulin-independent diabetes mellitus.
Cancer cells are generally exposed to high oxidative stress. Reduced
water cause impaired tumor phenotypes of human cancer cells, such as
reduced growth rate, morphological changes, reduced colony formation
ability in soft agar, passage number-dependent telomere shortening,
reduced binding abilities of telomere binding proteins and suppressed
metastasis. Reduced water suppressed the growth of cancer cells
transplanted into mice, demonstrating their anti-cancer effects in vivo.
Reduced water will be applicable to not only medicine but also food
industries, agriculture, and manufacturing industries.
Shirahata, S.et al.: Electrolyzed reduced water scavenges active
oxygen species and protects DNA from oxidative damage. Biochem. Biophys.
Res. Commun., 234, 269174, 1997.
The following information is sourced from various
peer reviewed literature as well as various Internet sites. This
information is for educational purposes only and is not meant to cure or
treat any disease or illness. Consult your doctor for specialized
medical advice.
CLINICAL Impovements Obtained From The Intake Of Reduced Water
Extracts from " Presentation At The Eight Annual International
Symposium On man And His Environment in Health And Disease" on February
24th 1990, at The Grand Kempinski Hotel, Dalls, Texas, USA by Dr. H.
Hayashi, M.D. and Dr. M Kawamura, M.D., on:
(THE CONCEPT OF PREHEPATIC MEDICINES)
Since the introduction of alkaline ionic water in our clinic in 1985,
we have had the following interesting clinical experiences in the use of
this type of water. By the use of alkaline ionic water for drinking and
the preparation of meals for our in-patients, we have noticed :
Declines in blood sugar levels in diabetic patients.
Improvements in peripheral circulation in diabetic gangrene.
Declines in uric acid levels in patients with gout.
Improvements in liver function exams in hepatic disorders.
Improvements in gastroduodenal ulcer and prevention of their recurrences.
Improvements in hypertension and hypotension.
Improvements in allergic disorders such as asthma, urticaria, rhinites and atopic dermatitis.
Improvements in persistent diarrhoea which occurred after gastrectomy.
Quicker improvements in post operative bower paralysis.
Improvements in serum bilirubin levels in new born babies.
Being confirming clinical improvements, we have always observed changes
of stools of the patients, with the colour of their feaces changing
from black-brown colour to a brigher yellow-brown one, and the odour of
their feaces becoming almost negligible.
The number of patients complaining of constipation also decreased
markedly. The change of stool findings strongly suggests that alkaline
ionic water intake can decrease the production of putrefield or
pathogenic metabolites.
Devices to produce reduced water were introduced into our clinic in May
1985. Based on the clinical experiences obtained in the past 15 years,
it can be said that introduction of electrolyzed-reduced water for
drinking and cooking purpose for in-patients should be the very
prerequisite in our daily medical practices. Any dietary recipe cannot
be a scientific one if property of water is not taken by the patients is
not taken into consideration.
The Ministry of Health and Welfare in Japan announced in 1965 that the
intake of reduced water is effective for restoration of intestinal flora
metabolism.
The following information is sourced from various
peer reviewed literature as well as various Internet sites. This
information is for educational purposes only and is not meant to cure or
treat any disease or illness. Consult your doctor for specialized
medical advice.
Clinical evaluation of alkaline ionized water for abdominal complaints: Placebo controlled double blind tests
by Hirokazu Tashiro, Tetsuji Hokudo, Hiromi Ono, Yoshihide Fujiyama,
Tadao Baba (National Ohkura Hospital, Dept. of Gastroenterology;
Institute of Clinical Research, Shiga University of Medical Science,
Second Dept. of Internal Medicine)
Effect of alkaline ionized water on abdominal complaints was evaluated
by placebo controlled double blind tests. Overall scores of improvement
using alkaline ionized water marked higher than those of placebo
controlled group, and its effect proved to be significantly higher
especially in slight symptoms of chronic diarrhoea and abdominal
complaints in cases of general malaise. Alkaline ionized water group did
not get interrupted in the course of the test, nor did it show serious
side effects nor abnormal test data. It was confirmed that alkaline
ionized water is safer and more effective than placebos.
Summary
Effect of alkaline ionized water on abdominal complaints was clinically
examined by double blind tests using clean water as placebo. Overall
improvement rate was higher for alkaline ionized water group than
placebo group and the former proved to be significantly more effective
than the other especially in cases of slight symptoms. Examining
improvement rate for each case of chronic diarrhoea, constipation and
abdominal complaints, alkaline ionized water group turned out to be more
effective than placebo group for chronic diarrhea, and abdominal
complaints. The test was stopped in one case of chronic diarrhoea, among
placebo group due to exacerbation, whereas alkaline ionized water group
did not stop testing without serious side effects or abnormal test data
in all cases. It was confirmed that alkaline ionized water is more
effective than clean water against chronic diarrhoea, abdominal
complaints and overall improvement rate (relief of abdominal complaints)
and safer than clean water.
Introduction
Since the approval of alkaline ionized water electrolyzers by
Pharmaceutical Affairs Law in 1966 for its antacid effect and efficacy
against gastrointestinal disorders including hyperchylia, indigestion,
abnormal gastrointestinal fermentation and chronic diarrhea, they have
been extensively used among patients. However, medical and scientific
evaluation of their validity is not established. In our study, we
examined clinical effect of alkaline ionized water on gastrointestinal
disorders across many symptoms in various facilities. Particularly, we
studied safety and usefulness of alkaline ionized water by doubleblind
tests using clean water as a control group.
Test subjects and methods
163 patients (34 men, 129 women, age 21 to 72, average 38.6 years old)
of indigestion, abnormal gastrointestinal fermentation (with abnormal
gas emission and rugitus) and abdominal complaints caused by irregular
dejection (chronic diarrhea, or constipation) were tested as subjects
with good informed consent. Placebo controlled double blind tests were
conducted using alkaline ionized water and clean water at multiple
facilities. An alkaline ionized water electrolyzer sold commercially was
installed with a pump driven calcium dispenser in each of the subject
homes. Tested alkaline ionized water had pH at 9.5 and calcium
concentration at 30ppm. Each subject in placebo group used a water
purifier that has the same appearance as the electrolyzer and produces
clean water.
The tested equipment was randomly assigned by a controller who scaled
off the key code which was stored safely until the tests were completed
and the seal was opened again.
Water samples were given to each patient in the amount of 200ml in the
morning with the total of 50OmI or more per day for a month. Before and
after the tests, blood, urine and stool were tested and a log was kept
on the subjective symptoms, bowel movements and accessory symptoms.
After the tests, the results were analyzed based on the log and the test
data.
Test Results
1. Symptom
Among 163 tested subjects, alkaline ionized water group included 84 and
placebo group 79. Background factors such as gender, age and basal
disorders did not contribute to significant difference in the results.
2. Overall improvement rate
As to overall improvement rate of abdominal complaints, alkaline
ionized water group had 2 cases of outstanding improvement (2.5%), 26
cases of fair improvement (32.1%), 36 cases of slight improvement
(44.4%), 13 cases of no change (16%) and 4 cases of exacerbation (4.9%),
whereas placebo group exhibited 4 (5.2%), 19 (24.7%), 27 (35.1%), 25
(32.5%) and 2 cases (2.6%) for the same category. Comparison between
alkaline ionized water and placebo groups did not reveal any significant
difference at the level of 5% significance according to the Wilcoxon
test, although alkaline ionized water group turned out to be
significantly more effective than placebo group at the level of p value
of 0.22.
Examining overall improvement rates by a 7, 2 test (with no adjustment
for continuity) between the effective and noneffective groups, alkaline
ionized water group had 64 (79%) of effective cases and 17 cases (21%)
of non effective cases, whereas placebo group had 50 (64.9%) and 27
(35.1%) cases respectively. The result indicated that alkaline ionized
water group was significantly more effective than placebo group at the
level of p value of 0.0.48.
Looking only at 83 slight cases of abdominal complaints, overall improvement rate for alkaline ionized water group
(45 cases) was composed of 11 cases (242%) of fair improvement, 22
cases (48.9%) of slight improvement, 17 cases (44.7%) of no change and 3
cases (6.7%) of exacerbation, whereas placebo group (38 cases) had 3
(7.8%), 17 (44.7%), 17 (44.7%) and 1 (2.6%) cases for the same category.
Alkaline ionized water group was significantly more effective than
placebo group according to the comparison between the groups (p value =
0.033).
3. Improvement rate by basal symptom
Basal symptoms were divided into chronic diarrhea, constipation and
abdominal complaints (dyspepsia) and overall improvement rate was
evaluated for each of them to study effect of alkaline ionized water. In
case of chronic diarrhea, alkaline ionized water group resulted in
94.1% of effective cases and 5.9% of non effective cases. Placebo group
came up with 64,7% effective and 35.3% non effective. These results
indicate alkaline ionized water group proved to be significantly more
effective than placebo group. In case of slighter chronic diarrhoea,
comparison between groups revealed that alkaline ionized water group is
significantly more effective than placebo group (p=0.015). In case of
constipation, alkaline ionized water group consisted of 80.5% of
effective and 19.5% of non effective cases, whereas placebo group
resulted in 73.3% effective and 26.3 non effective. As to abdominal
complaints (dyspepsia), alkaline ionized water group had 85.7% of
effective and 14.3% non effective cases while placebo group showed 47.1%
and 62.9% respectively. Alkaline ionized water group proved to be
significantly more effective than placebo group (p=0.025).
4. Safety
Since one case of chronic diarrhoea, in placebo group saw exacerbation,
the test was stopped. There was no such cases in alkaline ionized water
group. Fourteen cases of accessory symptoms, 8 in alkaline ionized
water group and 6 in placebo group, were observed, none of which were
serious. 31 out of 163 cases (16 in alkaline ionized water group, 15 in
placebo group) exhibited fluctuation in test data, although alkaline
ionized water group did not have any problematic fluctuations compared
to placebo group. Two cases in placebo group and one case in alkaline
ionized water group have seen K value of serum climb up and resume to
normal value after re testing which indicates the value changes were
temporary.
Conclusion
As a result of double blind clinical tests of alkaline ionized water
and clean water, alkaline ionized water was proved to be more effective
than clean water against chronic diarrhoea, abdominal complaints
(dyspepsia) and overall improvement rate (relief from abdominal
complaints). Also, safety of alkaline ionized water was confirmed which
clinically verifies its usefulness.
The following information is sourced from various
peer reviewed literature as well as various Internet sites. This
information is for educational purposes only and is not meant to cure or
treat any disease or illness. Consult your doctor for specialized
medical advice.
Physiological effects of alkaline ionized water: Effects on metabolites produced by intestinal fermentation
by Takashi Hayakawa, Chicko Tushiya, Hisanori Onoda, Hisayo Ohkouchi,
Harul-~to Tsuge (Gifu University, Faculty of Engineering, Dept. of Food
Science)
We have found that long-term ingestion of alkaline ionized water (AIW)
reduces cecal fermentation in rats that were given highly fermentable
commercial diet (MF: Oriental Yeast Co., Ltd.). In this experiment, rats
were fed MF and test water (tap water, AIW with pH at 9 and 10) for
about 3 months. Feces were collected on the 57th day, and the rats were
dissected on the 88th day. The amount of ammonium in fresh feces and
cecal contents as well as fecal free-glucose tended to drop down for the
AIW group. In most cases, the amount of free-amino acids in cecal
contents did not differ sign- icantly except for cysteine (decreased in
AIW with pH at 10) and isoleucine (increased in AIW with pH at 10).
Purpose of tests
Alkaline ionized water electrolyzers have been approved for
manufacturing in 1965 by the Ministry of Health and Welfare as medical
equipment to produce medical substances. Alkaline ionized water (AIW)
produced by this equipment is known to be effective against
gastrointestinal fermentation, chronic diarrhea, indigestion and
hyperchylia as well as for controlling gastric acid.*1 This is mainly
based on efficacy of the official calcium hydroxide. *2 By giving AIW to
rats for a comparatively long time under the condition of extremely
high level of intestinal fermentation, we have demonstrated that AIW
intake is effective for inhibition of intestinal fermentation when its
level is high based on some test results where AIW worked against cecal
hypertrophy and for reduction in the amount of short-chain fatty acid
that is the main product of fermentation.*3 We have reported that this
is caused by the synergy between calcium level generally contained in
AIW (about 50ppm) and the value of pH, and that frequency of detecting
some anaerobic bacteria tends to be higher in alkaline ionized water
groups than the other, although the bacteria count in the intestine does
not have significant difference. Based on these results, we made a
judgment that effect of taking AIW supports part of inhibition mechanism
against abnormal intestinal fermentation, which is one of the claims of
efficacy that have been attributed to alkaline ionized water
electrolyzers. *4 On the other hand, under the dietary condition of low
intestinal fermentation, AIW uptake does not seem to inhibit
fermentation that leads us to believe that effect of AIW uptake is
characteristic of hyper-fermentation state. Metabolites produced by
intestinal fermentation include indole and skatole in addition to
organic acids such as short-chain fatty acid and lactic acid as well as
toxic metabolites such as ammonium, phenol and pcresol. We do not know
how AIW uptake would affect the production of these materials. In this
experiment, we have tested on ammonium production as explained in the
following sections.
Testing methods
Four-week-old male Wistar/ST Clean rats were purchased from Japan SLC
Co., Ltd. and were divided into 3 groups of 8 each after preliminary
breeding. AIW of pH 9 and 10 was produced by an electrolyzer Mineone
ROYAL NDX3 1 OH by Omco Co., Ltd. This model produces AIW by
electrolyzing water with calcium lactate added. On the last day of
testing, the rats were dissected under Nembutal anesthesia to take blood
from the heart by a heparin-treated syringe. As to their organs, the
small intestines, cecum and colon plus rectum were taken out from each
of them. The cecurn was weighed and cleaned with physiological saline
after its contents were removed, and the tissue weight was measured
after wiping out moisture. Part of cecal contents was measured its pH,
and the rest was used to assay ammonium concentration. The amount of
ammonium contained in fresh feces and cecal contents was measured by the
Nessler method after collecting it in the extracted samples using
Conway's micro-diffusion container. Fecal free-glucose was assayed by
the oxygen method after extraction by hot water. Analysis of free amino
acids contained in cecal contents was conducted by the Waters PicoTag
amino acid analysis system.
Test results and analyses
No difference was found in the rats' weight gain, water and feed intake
and feeding efficiency, nor was any particular distinction in
appearance identified. The length of the small intestines and colon plus
rectum tended to decline in AIW groups. PH value of cecal contents was
higher and the amount of fecal free-glucose tended to be lower in AIW
groups than the control group. Since there was no difference in fecal
discharge itself, the amount of free-glucose discharged per day was at a
low level. The amount of discharged free-glucose in feces is greater
when intestinal fermentation is more intensive, which indicates that
intestinal fermentation is more inhibited in AIW groups than the control
group. Ammonium concentration in cecal contents tends to drop down in
AIW groups (Fig. 1). This trend was most distinctive in case of fresh
feces of one of AIW groups with pH 10 (Fig.2) AIW uptake was found to be
inhibitory against ammonium production. In order to study dynamics of
amino acids in large intestines, we examined free amino acids in the
cecal contents to find out that cysteine level is low in AIW groups
whereas isoleucine level is high in one of AIW groups with pH 10,
although no significant difference was identified for other amino acids.
Bibliography
1. "Verification of Alkaline Ionized Water" by Life Water Institute, Metamor Publishing Co., 1994, p.46
*2. "Official Pharmaceutical Guidelines of Japan, Vol. IT' by Japan Public Documents Association, Hirokawa PublIshin Co., 1996
*3. "Science and Technology of Functional Water" (part) by Takashi
Hayakawa, Haruffito Tsuge, edited by Water Scienll cc Institute, 1999,
pp.109-116
*4. 'Tasics and Effective Use of Alkaline Ionized Water" by Takashi
Hayakawa, Haruhito Tsuge, edited by Tetsuji Hc kudou, 25th Ge
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